Lung transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a diseased or failing lung is replaced with a healthy lung from a donor. This procedure is typically performed on patients with end-stage lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. The goal of lung transplantation is to improve the patient's quality of life and increase their lifespan. However, it is a complex procedure with potential risks and complications, including rejection of the donor lung, infection, and complications related to the surgery itself. Research in the field of lung transplantation focuses on improving outcomes for patients, reducing complications, increasing the availability of donor lungs, and developing new techniques and technologies to make the procedure safer and more effective. This includes studies on immunosuppression protocols, organ preservation methods, biomarkers for early detection of rejection, and novel surgical techniques.